Introduction to Programming and more

Programming language, An overview

THE MAIN AIM OF ANY PROGRAM IS TO REPRESENT AND SOLVE THE REAL LIFE PROBLEMS.
THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES CAN BE CATEGORIZED INTO THREE PARTS:-

1) low level
2) middle level
3) high level


THERE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE CAN BE EITHER LINEAR OR DYNAMIC(EVENT DRIVEN). E.G VISUAL BASIC IS EVENT DRIVEN.



LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE :-
VERY LITTLE ABSTRACTION
VERY CLOSE TO THE PROCESSOR
CAN BE CONVERTED TO MACHINE CODE WITHOUT THE USE OF COMPILER OR AN INTERPRETER.
THE RESULTING CODE DIRECTLY WORKS ON THE PROCESSOR
LIGHT WEIGHT
DIFFICULT TO USE BECAUSE OF TECHNICAL DETAILS WHICH IS TO BE REMEMBERED.

HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
STRONG ABSTRACTION
COMPARATIVELY EASIER TO USE
MORE PORTABLE ACROSS PLATFORMS
THE HIDING OF DETAILS LEADS TO THE LANGUAGE BEING USER-FRIENDLY
HEAVYWEIGHT

MIDDLE LEVEL LANGUAGE
“C” IS CONSIDERED TO BE A MIDDLE LEVEL LANGUAGE BECAUSE IT PROVIDES WITH THE FEATURES OF THE HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE ALONG WITH THE FLEXIBILITY OF THE LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE.
IT IS NOT PURELY HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE SINCE IT IS VERY CLOSE TO THE PROCESSOR AND CAN ALSO BE USED TO DESIGN DEVICE DRIVER.
THIS UNIQUE FEATURE GAINS IT THE STATUS OF MIDDLE LEVEL LANGUAGE




PROCEDURE ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

COBOL,FORTAN,C,ETC., ARE THE EXAMPLES OF THE POP.
HERE, THE PRIMARY FOCUS IS ON THE FUNCTIONS AND NOT ON THE DATA


FUNCTION:- FUNCTIONS ARE A GROUP OF INSTRUCTIONS WHICH EXECUTE A PARTICULAR TASK

DRAWBACKS:
>IN A MULTIFUNCTION PROGRAM, THE DATA CAN BE PLACED GLOBALLY

>THEY ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO UNWANTED AND UNEXPECTED CHANGES

>BECAUSE THEY ARE FUNCTION ORIENTED, THEY DO NOT SOLVE THE REAL WORLDS PROBLEMS VERY EASILY.

>TO RESOLVE THESE PROBLEMS, A NEW APPROACH I.E OOP WAS DEVELOPED


CHARACTERISTIC:-

>EMPHASIS ON DOING THINGS

>LARGE PROGRAMS ARE DIVIDED TO FUNCTIONS

>MOST FUNCTIONS SHARE A GLOBAL DATA

>DATA MOVES FREELY AROUND THE SYSTEM FROM FUNCTION TO FUNTION

>FUNTIONS TRANSFORMS DATA

>FOLLOWS A TOP-DOWN APPROACH









OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING(OOP)
>IN THIS, THE OBJECT IS GIVEN THE MOST IMPORTANCE AND IS NOT ALLOWED TO MOVE FREELY WITHIN THE PROGRAM
>VARIOUS CONCEPTS WERE INTRODUCED IN OOP TO MAKE IT POWERFUL AND EFFICIENT IN SOLVING THE REAL WORLD PROBLEMS

THE VARIOUS FEATURES INCLUDED ARE :-
CHARACTERISTICS OF OOP:-

>EMPHASIS ON DATA NOT PROCEDURE

>PROGRAMS ARE DIVIDED INTO OBJECTS

>DS ARE DESIGNED AS TO CHARACTERIZE OBJECTS

>FUNCTIONS THAT OPERATE ON A DATA ARE PUT TOGATHER IN DS

>DATA ARE HIDDEN AND CANNOT BE ACCESSED BY EXTERNAL FUNCTIONS

>OBJETS MAY COMMUNICATE TO ONE ANOTHER THROUGH FUNCTIONS

>NEW DATA AND FUNCTIONS CAN BE ADDED WHENEVER NECESSARY

>FOLLOWS A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH